Monday 29 December 2008

The Leo Trio...

Objects: NGC 3628 (top), Messier 65 (NGC 3623, lower right), Messier 66 (NGC 3627, lower left)
Type: Galaxies
Distance:
25 million light years (NGC 3628), 24 million light years (M65), 21.5 million light years (M66)
Constellation:
Leo
Date: 08 April 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, Vixen ED114S (f.l. 600mm)
Subframes:
60 x 120 second 2x2 binned subframes, 16 darks, 16 flats/flat darks, calibrated and stacked in AIP4Win. Final processing in AstroArt and PSP7.

A very clear, almost moonless night and the AstroArt maximum entropy deconvolution filter both played a part in obtaining crisp, tight star images and a good level of detail in these three galaxies that comprise this well-known grouping.

The refractor's 600mm focal length was ideally suited to the framing of all three galaxies on the SXV-H9 chip without having to resort to a mosaic.

Click on the image to enlarge.

Monday 22 December 2008

Moon...

Date: 24 January 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, Vixen f5.3 ED refractor (f.l. 600mm)
Subframes: 20 x 0.001 second subframes in OIII, stacked in Registax 2.1. Final processing in PSP7.

Another simple moon shot from a night of terribly unsteady seeing. The OIII filter has generated some excellent contrast of the marias from the highlights and crater debris, especially with the great crater rays of Copernicus and Tycho.

Saturday 20 December 2008

Messier 35

Object: Messier 35 (NGC 2168)
Type: Open Cluster
Distance: 2800 light years
Constellation: Gemini
Date:
24 January 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, ATIK manual filter wheel with Astronomix LRGB filters, Vixen ED114S (f.l. 600mm)
Subframes: 20 x 120 second (luminance), 20 x 60 second 2x2 binned subframes each for R,G and B channels, 16 darks, 16 flats/flat darks, calibrated and stacked in AIP4Win. Final processing in PSP7.

Using my usual "false colour" processing methods for colour renditions of open clusters doesn't work too well. To prepare the above image (click on it to enlarge if you so wish), I used data from monochrome images obtained through colour filters. To try and get realistic colours, I scanned the filters I used into a reference frame, and produced colour masks for each colour channel that were exactly the same colour as that of the filter as scanned in to PaintShop. I then layered each colour channel over the luminance frame, and adjusted the intensity of each layer based on the spectral response for the Sony ICX285AL chip in the SXV-H9.

The result was a load of odd-coloured stars against a dark green sky, so I stopped trying to be clever and just blended the LRGB channels in PSP7 until I got something that looked about right, which is what you see above. The red colour of M35's "neighbouring" cluster, NGC 2158 (a line of sight effect - it lies six times further away) has not been exaggerated compared to the bluish tinge of M35's stars: that's just how they have turned out relative to each other in processing. Looking at other images of this pair of clusters (e.g. such as Rob Gendler's effort here), the colours I obtained seem geniune enough, although "colour" in astrophotos is always a subjective thing. Fans of the "Hubble Pallette" have their very own preference for the psychedelic, after all.

This was the first time I had tried to do "proper" LRGB imaging with a resasonable number of subframes and it's worked out OK. I can see why "one shot" colour CCDs are so popular though, (although I think my skies are too sodiumed-up to allow subjective colour imaging and I prefer the increased sensitivity of the monos as well): gathering the input for separate subs and pasting them all together for a colour composite was quite time consuming.

The of M35 image below is a much earlier one from January 2004:

A single 60 second frame taken by afocal projection through a 25mm eyepiece using a Casio QV-3500EX digital camera gives a reasonable impression of what the cluster looks like under dark skies through an eyepiece, although a hint of star colour is seen in the image. NGC 2158 is barely discernable. Click on the image to enlarge.

Monday 15 December 2008

Moon...

Date: 16 January 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, Vixen f5.3 ED refractor (f.l. 600mm)
Subframes: 20 x 0.01 second subframes in H alpha, stacked in Registax 2.1. Final processing in PSP7.

After I had finished gathering the subs for my NGC 2175 image, I swung the telescope around to the Moon in Gemini, and shot some subs at full resolution. The SXV-H9 perfectly frames the whole lunar disc at a 600mm focal length. Click on the above image to enlarge - bear in mind it has been compressed to around 140K from the 1.3Mb original.

The hydrogen alpha filter is a good anti-glare device and sharpens up the lunar contrast quite nicely.

Monday 8 December 2008

The Bubble Nebula...

Object: NGC 7635 (Caldwell 11)
Type: Emission Nebula
Distance: 7100 light years
Constellation: Cassiopeia
Date: 6 December 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, Vixen VC200L (f.l. 1800mm)
Subframes: 22 x 120 second 2x2 binned subframes in H alpha, 16 darks, 16 flats/flat darks, calibrated and stacked in AIP4Win. Final processing in AstroArt and PSP7.

The final image above was salvaged from a catalogue of mini-disasters on a freezing cold and unbelievably soggy Saturday evening.

My first mistake was to attempt to get my SXV-H9 autoguider going. Having found my target and identified a guide star, I spent a frustrating 45 minutes or so trying to get the autoguider to talk to the Skysensor.

First of all, I had forgotten to select the "autoguide" command in the SXV-H9 "default" menu (a step the instruction guide neglects to tell you to do). When I still couldn't get the computer to drive the scope, I tried swapping the cable connection between the "autoguide" socket on the Skysenor and the SXV-H9 (the Skysensor uses a "crossed" signal cable and it's therefore possible - so I thought - to get the cable the wrong way around). To get the guide cable out of the back of the SXV-H9, I had to pull out the signal cable from the autoguider camera to give myself room. When I plugged it back in, I got a white screen on the autoguider image read-out, which I eventually overcame only by rebooting the computer.

I then found that the scope now responded in three directions to guide commands, but not all four, at which point I gave up in disgust. The "crossed" cable was a home build job and I guess I must have missed a wire somewhere.

Meanwhile, clear skies belied the amount of dew that was collecting on every available surface. The VC200L is an open tube scope but I had never had trouble with it dewing up until then. The couple of hours I had spent fannying around with the autoguider had nevertheless allowed dew to completely fog both primary and secondary mirrors.

Ten minutes with a hair-dryer hastily borrowed from the wife's dressing table sorted that out, but by torchlight (an unfair test I know), dried-out clumps of dust were now glued firmly to the previously unsullied surface of the primary mirror, making it look like the surface of the moon.

Having now wasted a couple of hours, I decided to go for 2 minute subframes (I had wanted 5 minute subs, way out of even the GP-DX's capabilities at an 1800mm focal length), which the PEC seemed to allow without significant trailing. I set the camera running to acquire 30 subs, knowing I would probably lose a few to wind or vibration, and that I would have to return to reverse the scope as Cassiopeia would be crossing the zenith, although the GP-DX mount is pretty generous in that respect

When I returned after an hour, the scope was just starting to dew up again. Another blast with the hair-dryer sorted that, and I then spent another 30 minutes reframing the nebula in the field. I decided to put a heating tape around the end of the scope, to try and avoid dewing up. By now, it was bitterly cold, damp and frosty. I set the scope up to gather another 70 subs, and sloped off indoors.

I returned two hours later to find that I hadn't switched the heating tape on, and that I had a scope full of ice and water. Arrrrgh!

Out of 100 frames, only 22 were usable in the end, and I definitely think the dew and dust combination had robbed the stars of their sharpness in those images that were free from trailing or not totally fuzzed by dew later on.

Anyway, the final image, although noisy through lack of subs, shows the full extent of the gas bubble blown from the young blue giant parent, as well as some of the outlying clouds of nebulosity. North is roughly in the 10.00 position.

I now have a scope to clean and a wire to fix. I don't intend to let either beat me, and I WILL get that damned autoguider going...

Friday 5 December 2008

The "Monkey Head" Nebula...

Object: NGC 2175
Type: Emission Nebula
Distance: 7200 light years
Constellation: Orion
Date: 16 January 2008
Equipment: SXV-H9, Vixen ED114 refractor (f.l. 600mm)
Subframes: 80 x 120 second 2x2 binned subframes, 16 darks, 16 flats/flat darks, calibrated and stacked in AIP4Win. Final processing in AstroArt and "photographic unsharp mask" and colours applied in PaintShop Pro7.

I hadn't come across the nickname "Monkey Head" for this particular object until I saw this post by "Paramount" on the Society of Popular Astronomy's Gallery page. I think I can just make out an enigmatic simian grin under the central star of a nose, with the darker areas either side of the star representing two eyes. Maybe.

The tracking was a little off but the deconvolution tool in AstroArt rounded the slightly elliptical stars up quite well - this time, I'd taken enough subs so that the deconvolution process didn't introduce all sorts of artifacts into the image by amplifying high levels of background noise.

I also had a play with Jerry Lodriguss's "unsharp mask" technique (link as above). This boosted the contrast in the image quite nicely, without increasing graininess or putting dark rings around the stars, and it's a technique I'll definitely be looking to use for extended objects like this in future.

I couldn't resist colourising the monochrome result and this worked out quite well on an image compiled from a smaller stack of subs that gave a slightly wider field (the object had drifted quite a way in the field during the course of the evening).

Click on either image to enlarge.

In the literature, there seems to be some confusion over whether the designation of NGC 2175 is referring to the cluster or its nebula. Stephen O'Meara puts us straight in his excellent book, Hidden Treasures: an excerpt that gives lots of interesting information about this oft-overlooked object can be found here.